Caravaggio's influence 17th century European art was profoundly marked by Caravaggio's realism and, more widely, by doctrines resulting from the Counter-Reformation and the Council of Trent. When artists travelled to Italy to complete their now traditional training period, they were impressed by Caravaggio's theatrical scenarios with his dramatic lighting effects and powerful chiaroscuro that gave structure to the compositions. Nicolas Tournier and Theodor Van Loon were two particularly brilliant students who interpreted the Italian painter's lessons in a highly personal and intimate way. Nicolas Tournier's stoic and solemn characters fraught with seething tension contrast strongly with Valentin de Boulogne's vibrant and passionateJudith. This is particularly true of Tournier's Virgin and Child. Jean Chalette is another Toulouse personality representative of the Caravaggio movement that was spreading throughout the south of France, especially in the area of religious painting. Chalette was the official painter of the Capitouls and completed a number of portraits of these local councillors. Two of these works are on display in the permanent collections.