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Churches and convents, particularly those linked to mendicant orders, attracted a large population of ecclesiastics, knights, jurists, merchants and artisans wishing to have their sepulture in the new convents. Quite often, the donations given to secure this right, and for the salvation of the soul, (sale of Indulgences) were works of art (mural paintings, retables, gold objects) offered as an act of piety. The numerous coats of arms of donors are further proof of this common practice. The tombs that fill churches and cloisters also demonstrate this phenomenon: sarcophagi, recumbent statues, tombstones or even simple epitaphs request that the passer-by say a prayer for their salvation.
Among these works, one of the sarcophagi in the sacristy, dating from the end of the 18th century, is probably that of Hugues de Palais, consul of Toulouse in 1284 who helped finance the construction of the chevet in the Jacobins church. A sculpted medallion pictures him under a helmet and a raised sword and is recognisable by his coat of arms painted on the shield. Along with this type of sarcophagus, tombstones also proliferated such as that of Marquesia de Linars where the deceased is represented as a beautiful woman from noble society, and is depicted in a slightly stereotypical manner. However, the recumbent statue in polychrome marble of Guillaume Durant le jeune, bishop of Mende, previously adorned with gold ornaments that have since disappeared, bear witness to the perfect skill of a great sculptor who worked on the site of the Narbonne cathedral, in the second quarter of the 14th century. The museum keeps an important collection of medieval epigraphs, dating from the 12th century to the end of the Renaissance. These are mostly mortuary epitaphs which accompany the tombstones and bear inscriptions which recall the obituary foundations and the foundation stones in chapels, and originate from the surrounding environs of Toulouse and a few large religious edifices in the city (Saint-Sernin basilica, Jacobins convent and the Cordeliers, Saint-Michel and the Daurade church and the cloister buildings of Saint-Étienne cathedral). |