The Augustins museum houses few Italian primitive paintings. However, the few we have are exquisite. Christ on the Cross, The Virgin, Saint John and Mary Magdalene by Lorenzo Monaco; Neri di Bicci bought by Alexandre Du Mège in 1838; Christ on the Cross in which cardinal Guilhem Peire Godin figures at the foot of the Cross and is painted on both sides by an Italian master of the 14th century and originates from the Jacobins in Toulouse. These works confirm the reputation of the Toulouse as an artistic capital. Some works from the collection assembled by the marquis Campana and others sent by the state were added to these paintings, thus enriching the 14th and 15th century collection.

The major piece in the 16th century collections is a panel by Perugino, Saint John the Evangelist and Saint Augustin, belonging to a polyptych, today dispersed between the museums in Lyon, Caen and Toulouse. It originates from the Saint-Augustin church in Perouse. Painted around 1500-1525, it bears witness, by the gentle treatment of its models, and monumental composition, to a possible influence by the young Raphaël.